Aerospace Engineering:
Aerospace engineering is the primary branch of engineering concerned with the research, design, development, construction, testing, science and technology of aircraft and spacecraft. It is divided into two major and overlapping branches: aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. The former deals with aircraft that operate in Earth's atmosphere, and the latter with spacecraft that operate outside it.
Aerospace engineering deals with the design, construction, and study of the science behind the forces and physical properties of aircraft, rockets, flying craft, and spacecraft. The field also covers their aerodynamiccharacteristics and behaviors, airfoil, control surfaces, lift,drag, and other properties.
Aeronautical engineering was the original term for the field. As flight technology advanced to include craft operating in outer space, the broader term "aerospace engineering" has largely replaced it in common usage.Aerospace engineering, particularly the astronautics branch, is often referred to colloquially as "rocket science", such as in popular culture.
Acoustical Engineering:
Acoustical engineering (also known as Acoustic Engineering) is the branch of engineering dealing with soundand vibration. It is the application of acoustics, the science of sound and vibration, in technology. Acoustical engineers are typically concerned with the design, analysis and control of sound.
One goal of acoustical engineering can be the reduction of unwanted noise, which is referred to as noise control. Unwanted noise can have significant impacts on animal and human health and well being, reduce attainment by pupils in schools, and cause hearing loss.[1] Noise control principles are implemented into technology and design in a variety of ways, including control by redesigning sound sources, the design of noise barriers, sound absorbers, silencers, and buffer zones, and the use of hearing protection (Earmuffs or Earplugs).
Manufacturing Engineering:
Manufacturing engineers develop and create physical artifacts, production processes, and technology. It is a very broad area which includes the design and development of products. The manufacturing engineering discipline has very strong overlaps with mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering, computer science, materials management, and operations management. Manufacturing engineers' success or failure directly impacts the advancement of technology and the spread of innovation. This field of engineering emerged in the mid to late 20th century, when industrialized countries introduced factories with:
1. Advanced statistical methods of quality control: These factories were pioneered by the American mathematician William Edwards Deming, who was initially ignored by his home country. The same methods of quality control later turned Japanese factories into world leaders in cost-effectiveness and production quality.
2. Industrial robots on the factory floor, introduced in the late 1970s: These computer-controlled welding arms and grippers could perform simple tasks such as attaching a car door quickly and flawlessly 24 hours a day. This cut costs and improved production speed.
Thermal Engineering:
Heating or cooling of processes, equipment, or enclosed environments are within the purview of thermal engineering.
One or more of the following disciplines may be involved in solving a particular thermal engineering problem:
i) Thermodynamics ii)Fluid mechanics iii)Heat transfer iv)Mass transfer
Thermal engineering may be practiced by mechanical engineers and chemical engineers.
One branch of knowledge used frequently in thermal engineering is that of thermo fluids.
Applications of Thermal Energy:
i) Engineering : HVAC ii)Cooling of Computer Chips [1]
iii)Boiler Design iv)Solar Heating
v)Design of Combustion Engines
Vehicle Engineering:
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