Civil Engg

Enviromnental Engineering:

     

                         Environmental engineering is the integration of science and engineering principles to improve the natural environment, to provide healthy water, air, and land for human habitation and for other organisms, and to remediate pollution sites. 

Further more it is concerned with finding plausible solutions in the field of public health, sucharthropod-borne diseases, implementing law which promote adequate sanitation in urban, rural and recreational areas. It involves waste water management and air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, radiation protection, industrial hygiene, environmental sustainability, and public health issues as well as a knowledge of environmental engineering law. It also includes studies on the environmental impact of proposed construction projects.

Geotechnical Engineering:

                           

Geotechnical engineering is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. 

Geotechnical engineering is important in civil engineering, but is also used by military, mining,petroleum, or any other engineering concerned with construction on or in the ground. 

Geotechnical engineering usually uses principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to investigate subsurface conditions and materials; determine the relevant physical/mechanical and chemical properties of these materials; evaluate stability of natural slopes and man-made soil deposits; assess risks posed by site conditions; designearthworks and structure foundations; and monitor site conditions, earthwork and foundation construction.

Structural Engineering:

Structural engineering is a field of engineering dealing with theanalysis and design of structures that support or resist loads. 
Structural engineering is usually considered a specialty within civil engineering, but it can also be studied in its own right.
Structural engineering theory is based upon physical laws and empiricalknowledge of the structural performance of different materials and geometries. 
Structural engineering design utilizes a number of simplestructural elements to build complex structural systems. 
Structural engineers are responsible for making creative and efficient use of funds, structural elements and materials to achieve these goals.

Transport Engineering:

Transportation engineering is the application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation and management of facilities for any mode of transportation in order to provide for the safe, efficient, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods (transport). 
It is a sub-discipline of civil engineering  and of industrial engineering. Transportation engineering is a major component of the civil engineering and mechanical engineering disciplines, according to specialisation of academic courses and main competences of the involved territory.
Transportation engineering, as practiced by civil engineers, primarily involves planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of transportation facilities. 
The facilities support air, highway, railroad, pipeline, water, and even space transportation.
The design aspects of transport engineering include the sizing of transportation facilities (how many lanes or how much capacity the facility has), determining the materials and thickness used inpavement designing the geometry (vertical and horizontal alignment) of the roadway (or track).